树莓派的使用笔记

blog Linux Raspbian

发布时间 : 2020-03-27 00:16

字数:1.9k 阅读 :

开启ssh
自动连接WiFi
修改源
安装桌面监视工具
1. 备注 - stretch 设置自启动
安装Mariadb
安装NodeJS
安装Samba
挂载磁盘
更新固件
安装Dashboard
安装Tomcat
开启64位内核
开启BBR TCP加速
其他
从stretch 升级的到buster

开启ssh

在最新的树莓派系统中，默认是关闭了SSH功能，我们现在将SSH开启！
在boot盘下新建一个文件，名称为SSH,注意没有后缀名！且文件名为大写！

touch SSH

自动连接WiFi

# 开机前连接，在boot分区下创建wpa_supplicant.conf
nano wpa_supplicant.conf
country=CN
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
	
network={
		ssid="WiFi名"
		psk="WiFi密码"
		key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
		priority=1
}
# 开机后连接
sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
## 添加内容：
network={
	    ssid="WiFi name"
	    psk="12345678"
		key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
		priority=5
}

修改源

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
## 删除原文件所有内容，用以下内容取代：
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list
## 删除原文件所有内容，用以下内容取代：
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ buster main ui
sudo apt clean && sudo apt autoclean && sudo aptitude update && sudo apt dist-upgrade -y

安装桌面监视工具

sudo apt-get install conky -y
conky -b &
# 自定义样式
sudo nano ~/.config/.conkyrc
# 运行查看效果 
conky -b -c /home/pi/.config/.conkyrc &
xcompmgr &
cd /etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE-pi
sudo nano autostart
# 添加
xcompmgr

# 创建桌面快捷方式
sudo nano /etc/xdg/autostart/conky.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=conky
Comment=runs conky
NoDisplay=true
Exec=conky -b -c /home/pi/.config/.conkyrc
NotShowIn=GNOME;KDE;XFCE;
## 重启生效
sudo reboot now

备注 - stretch 设置自启动

sudo nano /usr/bin/conky.sh
#!/bin/sh
(sleep 10s && conky) &
exit 0

[Desktop Entry]
Name=conky
Type=Application
Exec=sh /usr/bin/conky.sh
Terminal=false
Comment=system monitoring tool.Categories=Utility;

安装Mariadb

sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y
sudo systemctl start mysql
sudo mysql_secure_installation
sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
# bind-address           = 127.0.0.1
sudo systemctl restart mysql
sudo mysql -u root -p
USE mysql;
UPDATE user SET plugin='mysql_native_password' WHERE User='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit;
sudo systemctl restart mysql

安装NodeJS

sudo apt purge node nodejs npm
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo bash -
sudo apt install nodejs
node -v
npm -v
sudo npm install -g npm nrm n yarn

安装Samba

sudo apt install samba samba-common-bin
sudo smbpasswd -a pi
# 配置
sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
[pi]
path = /data
valid users = pi
browseable = Yes
writeable = Yes
writelist = pi
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
# 重启服务
sudo systemctl restart smbd

挂载磁盘

sudo fdisk -l
sudo mkfs.exfat /dev/sda
sudo mount /dev/sda /extra
sudo apt-get install fuse-utils ntfs-3g
sudo nano /etc/fstab
sudo mount -o uid=pi,gid=pi /dev/sdb /backup

更新固件

sudo rpi-update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates
#同步时间
sudo apt-get install ntpdate
sudo ntpdate -u ntp.ubuntu.com
sudo UPDATE_SELF=0 rpi-update

安装Dashboard

# 安装服务环境
sudo apt install -y git nginx default-jdk

sudo apt install -y -t buster php7.3-fpm php7.3-curl php7.3-gd php7.3-intl php7.3-mbstring php7.3-mysql php7.3-imap php7.3-opcache php7.3-sqlite3 php7.3-xml php7.3-xmlrpc php7.3-zip php7.3-fpm php7.3-cli php7.3-curl php7.3-gd php7.3-cgi

# 配置nginx
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

location / {
	index  index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php;
}

location ~ .*\.php(\/.*)*$ {
    #fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php7-fpm.sock;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    include fastcgi_params;
    set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
    if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "(.+?\.php)(/.*)") {
        set $real_script_name $1;
        set $path_info $2;
    }
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;
    fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
}

sudo systemctl enable nginx
sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo systemctl restart php7.3-fpm

# 重新加载配置信息
sudo nginx reload -s

## 下载Dashboard源码
cd /var/www/html
sudo git clone https://github.com/spoonysonny/pi-dashboard.git dashboard
sudo chown -R www-data dashboard

安装Tomcat

1	sudo apt install tomcat9* openssl

开启64位内核

1
2
3

sudo nano /boot/config.txt
## 添加
arm_64bit=1

开启BBR TCP加速

sudo bash -c 'echo "net.core.default_qdisc=fq" >> /etc/sysctl.conf'
sudo bash -c 'echo "net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr" >> /etc/sysctl.conf'
sudo sysctl -p
sudo reboot
sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_available_congestion_control
net.ipv4.tcp_available_congestion_control = bbr cubic reno
lsmod | grep bbr

其他

sudo apt full-upgrade
sudo apt install rp-bookshelf
sudo apt install mage
rpi-update

# 修改swap分区
sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile
# 修改CONF_SWAPSIZE的值 
# 刷新分区
sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile restart
# 查看大小
free -h
# 安装屏幕设置
sudo apt-get install screensaver
sudo nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

--------
# 关闭锁频
sudo vi /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
取消其中的注释　
#xserver-command=X
并修改为
xserver-command=X -s 0 -dpms
-s # –设置屏幕保护不启用
dpms 关闭电源节能管理
# 重启树莓派
sudo reboot
--------

#鼠标不移动时自动隐藏光标
sudo apt-get install unclutter
#开机自动设置
sudo echo "@unclutter -idle 1 -root" >> /etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/autostart

# 永久待机禁用休眠
#在/etc/profile.d目录下新建Screen.sh
sudo nano /etc/profile.d/Screen.sh
#添加执行权限
sudo chmod +x /etc/profile.d/Screen.sh
# Screen.sh文件内输入
xset dpms 0 0 0
xset s off
-----------------------------
指令	说明
xset s off	禁用屏幕保护
xset s 3600 3600	设置空闲时间为1小时
xset -dpms	关闭 DPMS
xset s off -dpms	禁用 DPMS 并阻止屏幕进入空闲
xset dpms force on	从休眠中自动醒过来
xset dpms force off	立即关闭屏幕
xset dpms force standby	强制屏幕进入待命状态
xset dpms force suspend	强制屏幕进入暂停状态
-------------------------------

# 屏蔽彩虹屏
sudo nano /boot/config.txt
# 在config.txt中添加一行disable_splash=1，字面上的意思就是取消启动界面
# 屏蔽开机滚动代码
sudo nano /boot/cmdline.txt
# 将console=tty1修改成console=tty3（是将开机的滚动代码指向tty3，从而开机时的tty1没有代码。2016年9月以后的raspbian镜像tty1无需更改成tty3），并添加一句loglevel=3
dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=serial0,115200 console=tty3 root=PARTUUID=cd48578f-02 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait quiet init=/usr/lib/raspi-config/init_resize.sh splash plymouth.ignore-serial-consoles logo.nologo loglevel=3
# 更换启动主题背景图片
/usr/share/plymouth/themes/pix/splash.png
# 将选中图片重命名为splash.png 替换即可

# 安装VSCode
# https://packagecloud.io/headmelted/codebuilds
curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/headmelted/codebuilds/script.deb.sh | sudo bash
sudo apt-get install code-oss=1.29.0-1539702238

# Python3.6.4编译安装
sudo apt-get install build-essential tk-dev libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev libreadline6-dev libdb5.3-dev libgdbm-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libssl-dev bzip2 libbz2-dev libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev zlib1g-dev
# 下载源码包 https://www.python.org/ftp/python/
wget Python-3.6.4.tgzhttps://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tgz
tar zxvf Python-3.6.4.tgz
# 编译安装
cd Python-3.6.4
sudo ./configure –-with-ssl
sudo make
sudo make install
#查看安装
sudo ls -al /usr/local/bin/python*
#查看Python版本
python3 --version
#找到匹配的python3.6
whereis python3.6
#查询Python3.6的位置
which python3.6
#把3链接移到3.5.3上。也可以直接rm删除
sudo mv /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3.5.3
#建立软连接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
sudo rm /usr/bin/lsb_release

# 解除root限制
sudo passwd --unlock root
# 安装中文字体
sudo apt-get install fonts-wqy-zenhei fonts-wqy-microhei

# 安装Python3.8.3
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential tk-dev libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev libreadline6-dev libdb5.3-dev libgdbm-dev libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev libbz2-dev libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libnspr4-dev libnss3-dev expat
apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.3/Python-3.8.3.tar.xz 
sudo tar xf Python-3.8.3.tar.xz -C /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/Python-3.8.3/
sudo  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python38 --enable-optimizations && sudo make  -j 4 && sudo make install
sudo  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python38 && sudo make && sudo make install
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python38/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python38
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python38/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip38
sudo python38 -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip38 install wheel beautifulsoup4 bs4 certifi chardet Click emoji Flask Flask-Dropzone Flask-Login Flask-SocketIO idna itsdangerous Jinja2 lxml MarkupSafe psutil pymongo PyMySQL python-engineio python-socketio redis requests selenium six soupsieve urllib3 Werkzeug xmltodict youtube-dl pysocks telethon lxml Pillow
pip38 install scrapy
ln -s /usr/local/python38/bin/scrapy /usr/bin/scrapy

# 修改pip源
sudo nano /etc/pip.conf
[global]
timeout = 6000
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
extra-index-url=https://www.piwheels.org/simple/
[install]
use-mirrors = true
mirrors = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com

# 开发工具
sudo apt install git gcc g++ make cmake build-essential
#jpeg png tiff 等图像格式工具包
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libpng-dev
#视频格式工具包
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev
sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev
#GUI库
sudo apt-get install libfontconfig1-dev libcairo2-dev
sudo apt-get install libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev libpango1.0-dev
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev
#数值优化函数包
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran
#header files and a static library for Python
sudo apt-get install python3-dev


# 搭建Dart环境
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/dart-archive/channels/stable/release/2.6.0/sdk/dartsdk-linux-arm-release.zip
unzip dartsdk-linux-arm-release.zip
./dart-sdk/bin/dart --version

从stretch 升级的到buster

1
2
3

grep -rl stretch /etc/apt/ | sudo xargs sed -i 's/stretch/buster/g'
sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade -y
sudo reboot now

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